Кровавый навет и литургия в православии в Российской империи: до и после дела Бейлиса
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2020.115Аннотация
«Mученик» Гавриил Белостокский скончался в 1690 году, но стал объектом почитания только в конце XIX в. Этот период, ставший золотым веком для «изобретения традиций» (Эрик Хобсбаум), в Российской империи был отмечен также ростом антисемитизма и обвинений в ритуальных убийствах. Служба, составленная в честь Гавриила в 1908 г. — малая вечерня, великая вечерня, утреня, — содержит множество цитат и переработанных отрывков антисемитского характера из служб Страстной Недели, в частности Великой пятницы. В византийской литургии мы находим знакомые и очень характерные мотивы, позволяющие провести параллель с ситуацией, которая сложилась в Российской империи между революциями 1905 и 1917 гг. Служба Гавриилу заставляет задуматься о том, в какой степени литургические тексты повлияли на возникновение христианского религиозного антисемитизма. Кроме того, она позволяет понять, почему в позднеимперской России с евреями было связано столько тревог и как стало возможным дело Бейлиса (1911–1913), в основе которого лежал кровавый навет. Большинство историков утверждают, что к началу ХХ в. религиозные основы антисемитизма сменились отрицательной реакцией на появление либеральной и марксистской идеологий, а в Российской империи — также на ускорившуюся интеграцию евреев в русское общество вследствие Великих реформ Александра II. Однако служба Гавриилу и непрекращающиеся инциденты во время Страстной недели показывают, что религиозная составляющая ритуальных убийств и обвинений сохраняла свое значение. Почитание Гавриила в Польше, Белоруссии и Литве в советский и постсоветский период свидетельствует о существовании различных источников напряженности.
Ключевые слова:
кровавый навет, ритуальное убийство, Гавриил Белостокский, дело Бейлиса, Слуцк, Иоанникий (Галятовский), Антоний (Храповицкий)
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Опубликован
31.03.2020
Как цитировать
Киценко, Н. (2020). Кровавый навет и литургия в православии в Российской империи: до и после дела Бейлиса. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Философия и конфликтология, 36(1), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2020.115
Выпуск
Раздел
Религиоведение
Лицензия
Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Философия и конфликтология» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
