Образ Эмпедокла в трактатах гиппократовского корпуса и интерпретация некоторых биографических сведений

Anna S. Afonasina

doi:10.21638/spbu17.2022.302

Authors

Anna S. Afonasina Novosibirsk State University, 1, ul. Pirogova, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.302

Abstract

Empedocles is spoken of as a physician by various ancient authors. However, none of the medical works attributed to him has survived. These may have been the treatise of Empedocles mentioned by Pliny the Elder on the deliverance of Athens from the plague and the medical treatise in six hundred verses. Nevertheless, we have at our disposal a number of fragments of his poem, in which the structure of various parts of the body is described, an attempt is made to explain the functioning of the processes of perception, some physiological processes and the structure of living organisms are described. Empedocles is also mentioned in some treatises of the Hippocratic corpus, but rather as a fake doctor in comparison with the real, i. e. Hippocratic doctors. This study aims to resolve the conflict that exists between the fragments of Empedocles’ poem, in which he speaks in the first person and promises to teach various “magical” techniques, the testimonies of Heraclides and Timaeus based on these statements, and the reaction to Empedocles by representatives of the Hippocratic school. For this we will have to turn both to doxographic evidence and to some treatises of the Hippocratic corpus — “Ancient Medicine”, “The Sacred Disease” and “Decorum”. The article examines what medicine was in antiquity, what was the reason for the institutionalization of the medical profession, and whether a clear disciplinary boundary could be drawn between medicine and natural philosophy at the time. These questions are included in the general discussion of the relation between religious and scientific views in the philosophy of Empedocles, as well as in the mentioned treatises of the Hippocratic corpus. In addition, the article attempts to interpret the story of the miraculous resurrection of the breathless by referring to contemporary research in the field of resuscitation.

Keywords:

Empedocles, ancient medicine, Hippocratic treatises, image of the doctor, magic, breathless girl

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Литература

Van der Eijk, Ph.J. (2005), Medicine and philosophy in classical antiquity. Doctors and philosophers on nature, health and disease, Cambridge University Press.

Longrigg, J. (1993), Greek rational medicine. Philosophy and medicine from Alcmaeon to the Alexandrians, London and New York: Routledge.

Frede, M. (1980), The original notion of cause, in: Schofield, M., Burnyeat, M. and Barnes, J. (eds), Doubt and Dogmatism. Studies in Hellenistic epistemology, Oxford University Press, pp. 217–249

Lloyd, G.E.R. (1963), Who Is Attacked in “On Ancient Medicine”? Phronesis, vol. 8 (2), pp. 108–126.

Гиппократ (1936), Избранные книги, т. I, пер. Руднев, В.И., ред., вступит. статьи и примеч. Карпов, В.П., М.: Государственное издательство биологической и медицинской литературы.

Wellmann, M. (1901), Fragmentsammlung der griechischen Ärzte, Bd. I.Berlin: Weidmannsche buchhandlung.

Jouanna, J. (1997), Hippocrates, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Van der Eijk, Ph. J. (2000), Diocles of Carystus: a collection of the fragments with translation and commentary, Leiden: Brill.

Long, H. S. (1949), The Unity of Empedocles’ Thought, The American Journal of Philology, vol. 70 (2), pp. 142–158.

Гатри, У.К.Ч. (2017), История греческой философии: в 6 т., т. II: Досократовская традиция от Парменида до Демокрита, пер. с англ. под ред. Мочаловой, И.Н., СПб.: Владимир Даль.

Prier, R.A. (1976), Archaic Logic: Symbol and Structure in Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Empedocles, Paris: Mouton.

Laks, A. and Most, G.W. (eds) (2016), Early Greek philosophy. Western Greek thinkers, vol. V, pt. 2, Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press.

Афонасин, Е.В. (2018), Гераклид Понтийский. Фрагменты и свидетельства («О болезнях, или Бездыханная», Фр. 82–95 Schütrumpf), ΣΧΟΛΗ (Schole), vol. 12.2, с. 697–704.

Graham, D.W. (2010), The texts of early Greek philosophy. The complete fragments and selected testimonies of the major presocratics, pt. I, Cambridge University Press.

Воротынцев, С.И., Голдовский, Б.М., Поталов и др. (2011), Феномен Лазаря: ауторесусцитация после остановки сердца, Медицина неотложных состояний, № 3 (34), с. 130–136.

Кассирер, Э. (2001), Философия символических форм, т. 2: Мифологическое мышление, М., СПб.: Университетская книга.

Бородай, Т.Ю. (2008), Рождение философского понятия. Бог и материя в диалогах Платона, М.: Савин С.А.

Галилей, Г. (1964), Диалог о двух системах мира, в: Галилей, Г.,Избранные труды, в 2 т., т. I, М.: Наука.

References

Van der Eijk, Ph.J. (2005), Medicine and philosophy in classical antiquity. Doctors and philosophers on nature, health and disease, Cambridge University Press.

Longrigg, J. (1993), Greek rational medicine. Philosophy and medicine from Alcmaeon to the Alexandrians, London and New York: Routledge.

Frede, M. (1980), The original notion of cause, in: Schofield, M., Burnyeat, M. and Barnes, J. (eds), Doubt and Dogmatism. Studies in Hellenistic epistemology, Oxford University Press, pp. 217–249.

Lloyd, G.E.R. (1963), Who Is Attacked in “On Ancient Medicine”? Phronesis, vol. 8 (2), pp. 108–126.

Hippocrates (1936), Selected Books, vol. I, transl. by Rudnev, V.I., ed., introductory articles and notes by Karpov, V.P., Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo biologicheskoi i meditsinskoi literatury Publ. (In Russian)

Wellmann, M. (1901), Fragmentsammlung der griechischen Ärzte, Bd. I. Berlin: Weidmannsche buchhandlung.

Jouanna, J. (1997), Hippocrates, Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Van der Eijk, Ph.J. (2000), Diocles of Carystus: a collection of the fragments with translation and commentary, Leiden: Brill.

Long, H. S. (1949), The Unity of Empedocles’ Thought, The American Journal of Philology, vol. 70 (2), pp. 142–158.

Guthrie W.K.Ch. (2017), A History of Greek Philosophy, vol. II: The Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus, St Petersburg: Vladimir Dal’ Publ. (In Russian)

Prier, R.A. (1976), Archaic Logic: Symbol and Structure in Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Empedocles, Paris: Mouton.

Laks, A. and Most, G.W. (eds) (2016), Early Greek philosophy. Western Greek thinkers, vol. V, pt. 2, Cambridge (MA) and London: Harvard University Press.

Afonasin, E.V. (2018), Heraclides of Pontus. Fragments and Testimonies (“On Diseases, or Breathless,” Fr. 82–95 Schütrumpf), ΣΧΟΛΗ, vol. 12.2, pp. 697–704. (In Russian)

Graham, D.W. (2010), The texts of early Greek philosophy. The complete fragments and selected testimonies of the major presocratics, pt. I, Cambridge University Press.

Vorotyntsev, S.I., Goldovsky, B.M., Potalov, S.A. et al. (2011), Lazarus phenomenon: autoresuscitation after cardiac arrest, Meditsina neotlozhnykh sostoianii, no. 3 (34), pp. 130–136. (In Russian)

Cassirer, E. (2001), Philosophy of symbolic forms, vol. II: Mythological thinking, Moscow and St Petersburg: Universitetskaia kniga Publ. (In Russian)

Borodaj, T.Yu. (2008), The birth of the philosophical concept. God and matter in Plato’s dialogues, Moscow: Savin S.A.Publ. (In Russian)

Galilei, G. (1964), Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, in: Galilei, G., Selected works, in 2 vols, vol. 1, Moscow: Nauka Publ. (In Russian)