Личность грядущей эпохи: две основные темы философского мировоззрения Ф. М. Достоевского

Xiaoyu  Li; Tianyun Li; Igor I. Evlampiev

doi:10.21638/spbu17.2024.404

Authors

Xiaoyu Li Hebei North University, 11, Zuanshi South Road, Zhangjiakou, People’s Republic of China
Tianyun Li St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
Igor I. Evlampiev St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-2616

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2024.404

Abstract

The article is centred on the analysis of two ideas that are most important for understanding the philosophical worldview of F.M.Dostoevsky, still poorly covered in the research literature. Firstly, this is the idea of “higher personalities” — people who have managed to reveal the divine principle in themselves and have acquired the ability to influence society, the world and history; secondly, it is an idea of the possibility for mankind to achieve in history a state of absolute perfection, harmony of interpersonal relations. It is shown that these ideas are closely interconnected in the worldview of Dostoevsky: only through more and more “higher personalities” appearing in humanity, the world will move towards its final perfection. For Dostoevsky, Jesus Christ is the model of the “higher personality”; the two conditions necessary for the transformation of a person into a “higher personality” are the fulfillment of the commandment of Christ “love your neighbor as yourself ” and faith in immortality, in an unorthodox version of this idea, suggesting the existence of a human personality after death in another world, similar to the earthly one. The article proves that Dostoevsky finally came to the sad conclusion that in the earthly world people cannot become fully “higher personalities”, since passionate, sexual love, ineradicably inherent in us, does not allow us to fulfill the commandment of Christ. However, in Kirillov’s reasoning in the novel ‘Demons’ one can find an idea that nevertheless allows one to hope for the achievement of perfection for each person and humanity: this is possible not in our earthly world, but in the world that awaits us after death, since there are people in it will be able to receive a more perfect corporeality that does not involve sexual love.

Keywords:

philosophical outlook of F. M. Dostoevsky, the divine principle in man, immortality, the end of history, perfect humanity

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References

Литература

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