«School» philosophy in the culture of Russian Enlightenment

Abstract

Russian XVIII century is a specific historical and philosophical era. Many researchers believe that the XVIII century is an origin of Russian philosophy. At that time Russia saw an origin of «purely» philosophical writings, which was in many ways presupposed by professional or «school» philosophy. However, the «school» philosophy did not become an independent historical and philosophical phenomenon and did not create an original concept. Its major role is the development and improvement of the overall philosophical culture of Russian society. XVIII century is called the century of the Enlightenment with its characteristic secular trends, cult of reason, emancipation of culture and society from the state. Chronologically, the Russian Enlightenment is a period from 1730 to the early 1790s. In the second half of the XVIII century Russia was no longer an adherent of the West and developed gradually increasing criticism of the Europeanism, resulting in the formation of national consciousness and establishment of Russian national culture in the end of XVIII century.

Keywords:

Russian philosophy, the Enlightenment, “school” philosophy, Wolffian rationalism, the emancipation of culture